Here I used the code on page 122 ~ 123 of the book ' Python for Informatics ’ by Charles Severance (Dr. Chuck) as an example to explain how to sort the key value pairs in a Python dictionary by value. # open the file named remeo.txt fhand = open('romeo.txt') # create a dictionary counts = dict() # read the file line by line for line in fhand: # split the line by whitespace characters (space, tab, newline, return, formfeed) words = line.split() # read the individual word for word in words: # increase the word count by 1 for that specific 'word' counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0 ) + 1 # create our list lst = list() # iterate over each tuple (key value pair) in the list generated by counts.items() for key, val in counts.items(): # create a new tuple (value, key) and append to our list, so that sort() will sort the list by the first element, value. # if we want to sort the list (or you can say dictionary) by key, we ...